SIMFEROPOL

The administrative and cultural centre of the Crimea
Population: approximately 400,000.
Telephone code: 0652.

The Tatar settlement of Ak Mechet (White Mosque) was established here in the 15th c. In 1784 the Taurian guberniya (province) was established, with its centre in Simferopol. In 1850 there were 16 educational institutions in Simferopol; among them was the Provincial Crown Gymnasium for men.

SCYTHAN NEAPOLIS, 3 B.C. Lasted until the 4th c. An excavated site, in the centre of which is a large public building with columns. An archeological expedition investigated the mausoleum, which led to the discovery of more than 70 burial sites of Scythian noblemen. One of the skeletons belonged to King Skylur. Another burial site was that of a Scythian queen.

TOURING HISTORIC CITIES AND VILLAGES.

ALUPKA

City, Yaltynsky district, resort, 17 km from Yalta and 97 km from Simferopol,75 km from the Sevastopol railway station. Population 12,000.

AI-PTRI, the most beautiful peak in the Crimea, looms over the city.

VORONTSOV'S PALACE AND PARK, 1830-1846.
One of the finest palaces and parks in Ukraine. Built in the Late English Gothic style with Moorish motifs. The palace complex includes: Main building (1830-1837), Shuvalivsky wing (1830-1834), park structures (1829-1848), "fountain of tears" et al. Works of famous landscape artists, examples of applied art, rare books, and notes are displayed in the palace halls.

BAKHCHYSARAI

City, 32 km from Simferopol. Population exceeds 20,000.

The territory of the city was settled more then 40,00 years ago. In the 15th cent. the capital of the Crimean Khanate was established here. The city was constructed by local master builders, Ukrainian and Russian captives, as well as by master builders from Iran, Italy, and Turkey. In 1628 the Ukrainian Hetman M.Doroshenko led a campaign against the Crimea and routed the army of Khan Kan-Temir at Bakhchisarai. In 1648 a delegation headed by B.Khmelnytsky arrived in Bakhchisarai. Preparing for war against Poland, he concluded an alliance with the khan and obtained a detachment of Tatar cavalry. By the terms of this alliance, Hetman B.Khmelnytsky was forced to leave his son and several distinguished Kozaks as hostages in Bakhchisarai. In 1675 the Kozaks, under the command of the Zaporozhyan chieftain I.Sirko, re-captured Bakhchisarai and liberated many captives.

HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS

KHAN'S PALACE, 16th-18th c.
The palace complex Includes: the main building, Sokolyna tower, a garden with a harem building, the khan's mosque (1740), a cemetery, rotonda, tombs (dyurbe), which are the most prevalent architectural monument In the Crimea. Since 1955 the Bakhchysarai Historical-Archaeological Museum has been housed in the palace buildings.

USPENSKY (DORMITION) CAVE MONASTERY, 7th-19th c.
The monastery complex includes the Uspensky (Dormition) church dating to the 8th c., which is hewn out of a cliff. Located near the Chufut-Kale road.

MOSQUE OF TOKHTALA-DZHAMA) 1707.
Sixteen-sided minaret.

FORTRESS OF "CHUFUT-KALE" AND CAVE CITY, 10th-18th c.
Built in the Crimean Mountains, 3.5 km from Bakhchysarai, on a precipice. The "Dyurbe Dzhanike-Khanyn" tomb (1437), the eastern wall of the fortress (1396-1433), Karaim kenases (temples) (14th and 18th c.), and the cave city have been preserved.

TOMBS, 14th-17th c.
"Ancient dyurbe", 14th-15th c., "Eski-dyurbe," (15th c., "Dyurbe of Khandzha-Girei," (1501), "Small octagonal dyurbe," (16th c.), "Kubovydne dyurbe," (16th c.), and mimbar (pulpit) (16th-17th c.).

FEODOSIYA

City on the shores of Feodosiya Bay, 116 km from Simferopol, a railway station. Population: approximately 80,000.

Founded in 6 B.C. Was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th c. and by the Alans in the 5th-6th c. Was the main slave-trading market during the 16th-17th c. In 1616 Ukrainian Kozaks, under the command of Hetman Petro Konashevych-Sahaydachny, attacked Kafa, destroyed the Turkish fleet, and liberated many captives. In 1667 a similar attack was led by Kozak chieftain I. Sirko.

HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS

ARMENIAN CHURCH OF ARCHANGELS MYKHAYIL AND HAVRYIL (MICHAEL AND GABRIEL), 1408. Built in the style of Armenian church archi-tecture. Restored in 1967-1970.

GENOESE FORTRESS, 14th c.
Located in the northern part of the city, above Feodosiya Bay. Was a citadel of ancient Kafa's (Feodosiya) city fortifications. In the 18th and 19th c. most of the structures were dismantled. The following structures are located on the territory of the fortress: Tower of Klyment (1348), Tower of Krisko (14th c.), Armenian church of Ioann Predtecha (John the Baptist) (1348), St. Ioan Bohoslov (St. John the Divine) (14th c.), St. Heorhiy (St. George) (14th c.), St. Stefan (14th c.), et al. Many structures have been restored.

CITY FORTRESS, 14th c.
Located in the old part of the city. In 1266 the Genoese wrested control over Kafa from the Golden Horde. In the 14th c. they began to build the fortress. Located on its territory are the fortress walls (14th c.), tower of St. Konstantyn (Constantine) (1382-1448), tower of St. Foma (St. Thomas) (1373), tower of G. di Scaffa (1342).

KERCH

City on the shores of Kerchenska Strait, 210 km from Simferopol, a railway junc-tion and important seaport on the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. Population exceeds 150,000.

On this site in 6 B.C. the Greeks founded the city of Panticapaeum, which later became the capital of the Bosporan Kingdom. It ceased to exist after the invasion of the Huns in the 5th c. In the 8th c. known as Krch in the Chronicle. Was part of the principality of Tmutorokan. For 150 years the city, known as Cerccio, was one of the Genoan colonies. During the 16th-18th c. the Ukrainian Kozaks made frequent campaigns against the city, as evidenced by several historical sites: Haydamaky caves and cliffs, the Kozak fortress Borzovka.

HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS

MELEK-CHESMENSKY KURHAN (GRAVE MOUND), 4 B.C.
One of the oldest structures of antiquity on the territory of Ukraine, it was a mausoleum for the Bosporan nobilities.

TSARSKY KURHAN (TSAR'S GRAVE MOUND), 4 B.C.
Tomb of the Bosporan nobilities, 17 m high, with a corridor and a burial chamber. Restored in 1885-1886.

CHURCH OF SV. IOAN PREDTECHI (ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST) CHURCH, 8th-14th c., structures added in the 19th c.
The oldest part of the church is built in the Byzantine style. Original frescoes have been preserved. Restored in 1980. Since 1960 it has housed the gemological exhibit of the Kerchensky Historical-Archaeological Museum.

FORTRESS OF ENI-KALE, 1703.
Built by the Turks with the help of French engineers. The only monument of military-defence architecture in Ukraine reflecting the superior level of Western European fortifications construction.

KRASNY MAK

Village in the Belbek River valley, 8 km from the Syren' railway station. Population: 11,000.

CAVE CITY OF "ESKI-KERMEN" (Old fortress), 5th-6th c.
Ruins. Located on a mountain with precipices, founded by the Scythian-Sarmatians, occupied an area of 10 ha. and contains almost 350 caves. In the 13th c. the cave city was destroyed by the Tatar-Mongols.

CRYPT CHURCH OF THE BENEFACTORS, 10th-15th c.
Hewn out of a cliff. Some frescoes dating to the 12th-14th c. have been preserved. They are a unique monument of Medieval artistic culture in the Crimea.

SEVASTOPOL

One of the best-known cities in the Crimea. Seaport and an industrial, scientific, and cultural centre of Ukraine. Population exceeds 300,000. Telephone code: 0692.

The ruins of the ancient Greek colony of Chersonese Taurica, founded in 5 B.C., have been preserved. During the 5th-6th c. the city was the bastion of the Byzantine Empire on the northern shore of the Black Sea. During the 9th-10th c. it played an important role in the economic and political relations between Byzantine and Kyiv. In 988 the Kyivan prince Volodymyr Svyatoslavovych captured Sevastopol, where he was converted to Christianity.
In May 1783 the first 17 ships of the Black Sea fleet cast anchors in present-day Akhtialsky harbor. Construction of the port and military settlement was begun.
The city sustained considerable damage during the Russo-Turkish War of 1854-1855 and during the Soviet-German War of 1941-1944.

HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS

THE CITY OF CHERSONESE TAURICA (TAURIAN PENINSULA), 5 B.C.
Ruins, located in the western part of Sevastopol on the Heraclian Peninsula. An important political and cultural centre of the Black Sea region. Founded by Greeks in 422-421 B.C. From 5-1 B.C. was a city-state with democratic self-government. In 3-2 B.C. the first defence structures consisting of 24 towers, 10-15 m high, were built. More than 30 streets and a large number of gardens were laid in the city. The city centre contains an acropolis and an agora (place of public meetings), a theatre, and a temple. During the 1st-4th c. Chersonese became an aristocratic republic under the control of Rome. Later it fell under Byzantine rule and in the 4th c. converted to Christianity. In the 5th-6th c. a mighty defence system was constructed. In 988 prince Volodymyr the Great captured Chersonese. In 1299 it was captured and destroyed by the Tatar-Mongols.

CHERSONESE HISTORICAL-ARCHEOLOGICAL PRESERVE.
Organised in 1978 with the branches of "Chembalo Fortress", "Kalamita Fortress," including the ruins of Chersonese and a museum.

KALAMYTA STRONGHOLD (ruins), 15th c.
Built on the monastery cliff at the mouth of the Chorna river. Founded by the Byzantines in the 5th-6th c. In the 15th c. a new fortress was built on the site of the old. Destroyed by the Genoans in 1433. Captured by the Turks in 1475 who renamed it Inkerman.

CAVE MONASTERY, 7th-9th c.
The monastery complex included 8 land and crypt churches linked by passageways and stairs, among which is the church of St. Klyment (Clement).

SUDAK

City on the shores of the Black Sea, 57 km from the Theodosia railway station. Population: 15,000.

Founded in the 3rd c. In early written sources it is referred to as the fortress of Sugdaea, a trading city on the Great Silk Road. The Venetian consulate was maintained here from 1287. At this time the Black Sea was called Sudak. The "Great Silk Road'' festival-market takes place here every summer.

GENOESE FORTRESS, 14th-15th c.
Situated on a mountain 150 m high; its southern coastal side is a precipice. Occupies an area of 29.5 ha. The fortress was built in 1371-1469. The territory of the fortress includes: Sentry Tower (14th-15th c.), Tower of Torcello (1385), bridge fortification (1385-1414), Tower of di Pagano (1414), Tower of Gludice (1392), Circular Tower (14th-15th c.), Tower of Cicalo (1404) Tower of L. de F. Lavani (1409), Tower of G. Marione (1388), Tower of H. Rumbaldo (1394), Tower of Astahvera (1386), Church of the Twelve Apostles (14th15th c.), Consul's Tower (13th-15th c.), Heorhiyivsky Tower (St. George) (14th-15th c.), Mosque (13th c.), Underground structures (14th c.) et al. Many structures have been repaired and restored.

YALTA

City, located 79 km south of Simferopol. Population: approximately 150,000.

In the 12th c. the Arabic geographer Idrizi mentions Dzhalita, i.e. Yalta, as the city of the Polovtsians. At first the southern shore of the Crimea was part of the kingdom of Feodoro. Later it came under the control of the Genoese. On Italian maps of the 14th c. it is called Healita, or Etalita. In the 15th c. the city was levelled by an earthquake. The Greeks and Armenians settled the district only 70 years later. Since then the settlement has been known as Yalta.
Together with neighbouring villages and cities, Yalta is the largest international re-sort in the Crimea. It began to develop as a resort in the 19th c. Today there are 144 therapeutic resort establishments. The main one is the I. Syechenov Yalta Scien-tific-Research Institute of Physical Thera-peutic Methods and Medical Climatology.
The young Mark Twain spent time in Yalta. The poet, S. Rudansky (1834-1873), lived here. A memorial plaque has been hung on the building where he lived and died. The renown-ed Ukrainian poetess, Lesya Ukrayinka, came here for a cure. A. Horska (1929-1970), a Ukrainian painter who died under tragic circumstances, was born in Yalta.

HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS

"LASTIVCHYNE HNIZDO" (SWALLOW'S NEST), 1911-1912.
Built in Haspra above Aurora's Cliff according to the designs of the architect A. Sherwood. Designed as a medieval castle. Beside it are the ruins of an ancient Roman fortress of the lst-3rd c. On the site of the Ai-Todorsky lighthouse is a collection of light-house bells.

ARMENIAN CHURCH, 1909-1917.
Built by the architect H. Ter-Mikelov. Modelled on the church of St. Rypsyme in Echmiadzyn, a masterpiece of medieval architecture. The paintings were executed by the Armenian artist, V. Sureniants, whose grave is nearby.

PALACE, 1831-1836.
Built in the Gothic style by the architect V. Hunta. One of the first structures in the Crimea featuring Romantic motifs. Today it houses the "Yasna polyana" Sanatorium for Mothers and Children.

VILLA OF "KICHKINE", 1908-1911.
Built in the Moorish style with decorative cupolas and a minaret-shaped tower, designed by the architect I. Tarasova. A park with exotic flowers encircles the villa. Used as a tourist base.

POLUKOROVSKY HILL.
The burial site of distinguished historical and cultural figures. S. Rudansky is buried here (1873).

COMPLEX OF PALACE STRUCTURES, 19th-20th c.
Located in Livadiya on the coast, on Mt. Mohabi. The former summer residence of the Russian Tsars. Consists of 60 buildings. The most important structure is the Great Palace (19101911), built in the Italian Renaissance style with elements of Byzantine, Gothic, and Arabic architecture. The Yalta Conference of February 4-11, 1945, during which Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin completed plans for Gentlany's defeat, was held here.

"POLYANA KAZOK" (MEADOW OF FAIRY TALES).
Open-air museum, containing a collection of more than 200 sculptures drawn from fairy tale motifs and designed by Crimean artists, wood carvers, and stone-cutters. A branch of the local historical museum, 5 km from Yalta.

YEVPATORIYA

City on the shores of Kalamita Bay, 78 km from Simferopol; a railway station and seaport. Population: 90,000.

During the period of Greek colonisation in 6-5 B.C. the ancient city of Kyrkynytyda was founded here. During the 10-12th c. tills district was settled by emigrants from Kyivan Rus'-Ukraine. In the 15th c. the Turks founded the city-fortress of Hezlev, which became one of the largest slave-trading markets in this region. In 1784 the city was renamed Yevpatoriya.
The famous All-Ukrainian Children's Resort is located in Yevpatoriya, which has more than 70 therapeutic establishments.

MONASTERY OF TEKIYE DERVISHEY, 11th c.
Has ascetic structures and pentagonal cells.

DZHUMA-DZHAMI MOSQUE, 1552-1564.
Built by Khodzha Sinan in the Turkish Classical style. Restored together with the mihrab (prayer niche), mimber (pulpit), and eastern minaret in 1976.

ENSEMBLE OF KARAIM KENASES (TEMPLES), 19th c.
The complex includes the Great kenasa (1807), Small kenasa (1815), small doors with arcades (1835).

ZALISNE

Village, Bakhchysaraisky district, 8 km from the Syren railway station.

FORTRESS AND CAVE CITY OF "MANHUP-KALE", 6th-15th c.
The largest cave city in the Crimea. Was designed to be the fortifications for the approaches to Chersonese. The fortress and city fell into ruins in the 18th c. Archaeological excavations uncovered the palace of the kings of Feodoro (14th c.), a basilica (10th c.), Karaim temples (14th c.), Church of St. Heorhiy (St. George) (10th c.), and a mosque (15th c.).

	ALUPKA City, Yaltynsky district, resort, 17 km from Yalta and 97 km from Simferopol,75 km from the Sevastopol railway station. Population 12,000.
	AI-PTRI, the most beautiful peak in the Crimea, looms over the city.
	VORONTSOV'S PALACE AND PARK, 1830-1846. One of the finest palaces and parks in Ukraine. Built in the Late English Gothic style with Moorish motifs. The palace complex includes: Main building (1830-1837), Shuvalivsky wing (1830-1834), park structures (1829-1848), "fountain of tears" et al. Works of famous landscape artists, examples of applied art, rare books, and notes are displayed in the palace halls.
	BAKHCHYSARAI City, 32 km from Simferopol. Population exceeds 20,000. The territory of the city was settled more then 40,00 years ago. In the 15th cent. the capital of the Crimean Khanate was established here. The city was constructed by local master builders, Ukrainian and Russian captives, as well as by master builders from Iran, Italy, and Turkey. In 1628 the Ukrainian Hetman M.Doroshenko led a campaign against the Crimea and routed the army of Khan Kan-Temir at Bakhchisarai. In 1648 a delegation headed by B.Khmelnytsky arrived in Bakhchisarai. Preparing for war against Poland, he concluded an alliance with the khan and obtained a detachment of Tatar cavalry. By the terms of this alliance, Hetman B.Khmelnytsky was forced to leave his son and several distinguished Kozaks as hostages in Bakhchisarai. In 1675 the Kozaks, under the command of the Zaporozhyan chieftain I.Sirko, re-captured Bakhchisarai and liberated many captives.
	HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS
	KHAN'S PALACE, 16th-18th c. The palace complex Includes: the main building, Sokolyna tower, a garden with a harem building, the khan's mosque (1740), a cemetery, rotonda, tombs (dyurbe), which are the most prevalent architectural monument In the Crimea. Since 1955 the Bakhchysarai Historical-Archaeological Museum has been housed in the palace buildings.
	USPENSKY (DORMITION) CAVE MONASTERY, 7th-19th c. The monastery complex includes the Uspensky (Dormition) church dating to the 8th c., which is hewn out of a cliff. Located near the Chufut-Kale road.
	MOSQUE OF TOKHTALA-DZHAMA) 1707. Sixteen-sided minaret.
	FORTRESS OF "CHUFUT-KALE" AND CAVE CITY, 10th-18th c. Built in the Crimean Mountains, 3.5 km from Bakhchysarai, on a precipice. The "Dyurbe Dzhanike-Khanyn" tomb (1437), the eastern wall of the fortress (1396-1433), Karaim kenases (temples) (14th and 18th c.), and the cave city have been preserved.
	TOMBS, 14th-17th c. "Ancient dyurbe", 14th-15th c., "Eski-dyurbe," (15th c., "Dyurbe of Khandzha-Girei," (1501), "Small octagonal dyurbe," (16th c.), "Kubovydne dyurbe," (16th c.), and mimbar (pulpit) (16th-17th c.).
	FEODOSIYA City on the shores of Feodosiya Bay, 116 km from Simferopol, a railway station. Population: approximately 80,000. Founded in 6 B.C. Was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th c. and by the Alans in the 5th-6th c. Was the main slave-trading market during the 16th-17th c. In 1616 Ukrainian Kozaks, under the command of Hetman Petro Konashevych-Sahaydachny, attacked Kafa, destroyed the Turkish fleet, and liberated many captives. In 1667 a similar attack was led by Kozak chieftain I. Sirko.
	HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS
	ARMENIAN CHURCH OF ARCHANGELS MYKHAYIL AND HAVRYIL (MICHAEL AND GABRIEL), 1408. Built in the style of Armenian church archi-tecture. Restored in 1967-1970.
	GENOESE FORTRESS, 14th c. Located in the northern part of the city, above Feodosiya Bay. Was a citadel of ancient Kafa's (Feodosiya) city fortifications. In the 18th and 19th c. most of the structures were dismantled. The following structures are located on the territory of the fortress: Tower of Klyment (1348), Tower of Krisko (14th c.), Armenian church of Ioann Predtecha (John the Baptist) (1348), St. Ioan Bohoslov (St. John the Divine) (14th c.), St. Heorhiy (St. George) (14th c.), St. Stefan (14th c.), et al. Many structures have been restored.
	CITY FORTRESS, 14th c. Located in the old part of the city. In 1266 the Genoese wrested control over Kafa from the Golden Horde. In the 14th c. they began to build the fortress. Located on its territory are the fortress walls (14th c.), tower of St. Konstantyn (Constantine) (1382-1448), tower of St. Foma (St. Thomas) (1373), tower of G. di Scaffa (1342).
	KERCH City on the shores of Kerchenska Strait, 210 km from Simferopol, a railway junc-tion and important seaport on the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. Population exceeds 150,000. On this site in 6 B.C. the Greeks founded the city of Panticapaeum, which later became the capital of the Bosporan Kingdom. It ceased to exist after the invasion of the Huns in the 5th c. In the 8th c. known as Krch in the Chronicle. Was part of the principality of Tmutorokan. For 150 years the city, known as Cerccio, was one of the Genoan colonies. During the 16th-18th c. the Ukrainian Kozaks made frequent campaigns against the city, as evidenced by several historical sites: Haydamaky caves and cliffs, the Kozak fortress Borzovka.
	HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS
	MELEK-CHESMENSKY KURHAN (GRAVE MOUND), 4 B.C. One of the oldest structures of antiquity on the territory of Ukraine, it was a mausoleum for the Bosporan nobilities.
	TSARSKY KURHAN (TSAR'S GRAVE MOUND), 4 B.C. Tomb of the Bosporan nobilities, 17 m high, with a corridor and a burial chamber. Restored in 1885-1886.
	CHURCH OF SV. IOAN PREDTECHI (ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST) CHURCH, 8th-14th c., structures added in the 19th c. The oldest part of the church is built in the Byzantine style. Original frescoes have been preserved. Restored in 1980. Since 1960 it has housed the gemological exhibit of the Kerchensky Historical-Archaeological Museum.
	FORTRESS OF ENI-KALE, 1703. Built by the Turks with the help of French engineers. The only monument of military-defence architecture in Ukraine reflecting the superior level of Western European fortifications construction.
	KRASNY MAK Village in the Belbek River valley, 8 km from the Syren' railway station. Population: 11,000.
	CAVE CITY OF "ESKI-KERMEN" (Old fortress), 5th-6th c. Ruins. Located on a mountain with precipices, founded by the Scythian-Sarmatians, occupied an area of 10 ha. and contains almost 350 caves. In the 13th c. the cave city was destroyed by the Tatar-Mongols.
	CRYPT CHURCH OF THE BENEFACTORS, 10th-15th c. Hewn out of a cliff. Some frescoes dating to the 12th-14th c. have been preserved. They are a unique monument of Medieval artistic culture in the Crimea.
	SEVASTOPOL One of the best-known cities in the Crimea. Seaport and an industrial, scientific, and cultural centre of Ukraine. Population exceeds 300,000. Telephone code: 0692. The ruins of the ancient Greek colony of Chersonese Taurica, founded in 5 B.C., have been preserved. During the 5th-6th c. the city was the bastion of the Byzantine Empire on the northern shore of the Black Sea. During the 9th-10th c. it played an important role in the economic and political relations between Byzantine and Kyiv. In 988 the Kyivan prince Volodymyr Svyatoslavovych captured Sevastopol, where he was converted to Christianity. In May 1783 the first 17 ships of the Black Sea fleet cast anchors in present-day Akhtialsky harbor. Construction of the port and military settlement was begun. The city sustained considerable damage during the Russo-Turkish War of 1854-1855 and during the Soviet-German War of 1941-1944.
	HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS
	THE CITY OF CHERSONESE TAURICA (TAURIAN PENINSULA), 5 B.C. Ruins, located in the western part of Sevastopol on the Heraclian Peninsula. An important political and cultural centre of the Black Sea region. Founded by Greeks in 422-421 B.C. From 5-1 B.C. was a city-state with democratic self-government. In 3-2 B.C. the first defence structures consisting of 24 towers, 10-15 m high, were built. More than 30 streets and a large number of gardens were laid in the city. The city centre contains an acropolis and an agora (place of public meetings), a theatre, and a temple. During the 1st-4th c. Chersonese became an aristocratic republic under the control of Rome. Later it fell under Byzantine rule and in the 4th c. converted to Christianity. In the 5th-6th c. a mighty defence system was constructed. In 988 prince Volodymyr the Great captured Chersonese. In 1299 it was captured and destroyed by the Tatar-Mongols.
	CHERSONESE HISTORICAL-ARCHEOLOGICAL PRESERVE. Organised in 1978 with the branches of "Chembalo Fortress", "Kalamita Fortress," including the ruins of Chersonese and a museum.
	KALAMYTA STRONGHOLD (ruins), 15th c. Built on the monastery cliff at the mouth of the Chorna river. Founded by the Byzantines in the 5th-6th c. In the 15th c. a new fortress was built on the site of the old. Destroyed by the Genoans in 1433. Captured by the Turks in 1475 who renamed it Inkerman.
	CAVE MONASTERY, 7th-9th c. The monastery complex included 8 land and crypt churches linked by passageways and stairs, among which is the church of St. Klyment (Clement).
	SUDAK City on the shores of the Black Sea, 57 km from the Theodosia railway station. Population: 15,000. Founded in the 3rd c. In early written sources it is referred to as the fortress of Sugdaea, a trading city on the Great Silk Road. The Venetian consulate was maintained here from 1287. At this time the Black Sea was called Sudak. The "Great Silk Road'' festival-market takes place here every summer.
	GENOESE FORTRESS, 14th-15th c. Situated on a mountain 150 m high; its southern coastal side is a precipice. Occupies an area of 29.5 ha. The fortress was built in 1371-1469. The territory of the fortress includes: Sentry Tower (14th-15th c.), Tower of Torcello (1385), bridge fortification (1385-1414), Tower of di Pagano (1414), Tower of Gludice (1392), Circular Tower (14th-15th c.), Tower of Cicalo (1404) Tower of L. de F. Lavani (1409), Tower of G. Marione (1388), Tower of H. Rumbaldo (1394), Tower of Astahvera (1386), Church of the Twelve Apostles (14th15th c.), Consul's Tower (13th-15th c.), Heorhiyivsky Tower (St. George) (14th-15th c.), Mosque (13th c.), Underground structures (14th c.) et al. Many structures have been repaired and restored.
	YALTA City, located 79 km south of Simferopol. Population: approximately 150,000. In the 12th c. the Arabic geographer Idrizi mentions Dzhalita, i.e. Yalta, as the city of the Polovtsians. At first the southern shore of the Crimea was part of the kingdom of Feodoro. Later it came under the control of the Genoese. On Italian maps of the 14th c. it is called Healita, or Etalita. In the 15th c. the city was levelled by an earthquake. The Greeks and Armenians settled the district only 70 years later. Since then the settlement has been known as Yalta. Together with neighbouring villages and cities, Yalta is the largest international re-sort in the Crimea. It began to develop as a resort in the 19th c. Today there are 144 therapeutic resort establishments. The main one is the I. Syechenov Yalta Scien-tific-Research Institute of Physical Thera-peutic Methods and Medical Climatology. The young Mark Twain spent time in Yalta. The poet, S. Rudansky (1834-1873), lived here. A memorial plaque has been hung on the building where he lived and died. The renown-ed Ukrainian poetess, Lesya Ukrayinka, came here for a cure. A. Horska (1929-1970), a Ukrainian painter who died under tragic circumstances, was born in Yalta.
	HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS
	"LASTIVCHYNE HNIZDO" (SWALLOW'S NEST), 1911-1912. Built in Haspra above Aurora's Cliff according to the designs of the architect A. Sherwood. Designed as a medieval castle. Beside it are the ruins of an ancient Roman fortress of the lst-3rd c. On the site of the Ai-Todorsky lighthouse is a collection of light-house bells.
	ARMENIAN CHURCH, 1909-1917. Built by the architect H. Ter-Mikelov. Modelled on the church of St. Rypsyme in Echmiadzyn, a masterpiece of medieval architecture. The paintings were executed by the Armenian artist, V. Sureniants, whose grave is nearby.
	PALACE, 1831-1836. Built in the Gothic style by the architect V. Hunta. One of the first structures in the Crimea featuring Romantic motifs. Today it houses the "Yasna polyana" Sanatorium for Mothers and Children.
	VILLA OF "KICHKINE", 1908-1911. Built in the Moorish style with decorative cupolas and a minaret-shaped tower, designed by the architect I. Tarasova. A park with exotic flowers encircles the villa. Used as a tourist base.
	POLUKOROVSKY HILL. The burial site of distinguished historical and cultural figures. S. Rudansky is buried here (1873).
	COMPLEX OF PALACE STRUCTURES, 19th-20th c. Located in Livadiya on the coast, on Mt. Mohabi. The former summer residence of the Russian Tsars. Consists of 60 buildings. The most important structure is the Great Palace (19101911), built in the Italian Renaissance style with elements of Byzantine, Gothic, and Arabic architecture. The Yalta Conference of February 4-11, 1945, during which Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin completed plans for Gentlany's defeat, was held here.
	"POLYANA KAZOK" (MEADOW OF FAIRY TALES). Open-air museum, containing a collection of more than 200 sculptures drawn from fairy tale motifs and designed by Crimean artists, wood carvers, and stone-cutters. A branch of the local historical museum, 5 km from Yalta.
	YEVPATORIYA City on the shores of Kalamita Bay, 78 km from Simferopol; a railway station and seaport. Population: 90,000. During the period of Greek colonisation in 6-5 B.C. the ancient city of Kyrkynytyda was founded here. During the 10-12th c. tills district was settled by emigrants from Kyivan Rus'-Ukraine. In the 15th c. the Turks founded the city-fortress of Hezlev, which became one of the largest slave-trading markets in this region. In 1784 the city was renamed Yevpatoriya. The famous All-Ukrainian Children's Resort is located in Yevpatoriya, which has more than 70 therapeutic establishments.
	MONASTERY OF TEKIYE DERVISHEY, 11th c. Has ascetic structures and pentagonal cells.
	DZHUMA-DZHAMI MOSQUE, 1552-1564. Built by Khodzha Sinan in the Turkish Classical style. Restored together with the mihrab (prayer niche), mimber (pulpit), and eastern minaret in 1976.
	ENSEMBLE OF KARAIM KENASES (TEMPLES), 19th c. The complex includes the Great kenasa (1807), Small kenasa (1815), small doors with arcades (1835).
	ZALISNE Village, Bakhchysaraisky district, 8 km from the Syren railway station.
	FORTRESS AND CAVE CITY OF "MANHUP-KALE", 6th-15th c. The largest cave city in the Crimea. Was designed to be the fortifications for the approaches to Chersonese. The fortress and city fell into ruins in the 18th c. Archaeological excavations uncovered the palace of the kings of Feodoro (14th c.), a basilica (10th c.), Karaim temples (14th c.), Church of St. Heorhiy (St. George) (10th c.), and a mosque (15th c.).